Dijin Divakaran
Smart Power & Energy System, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080
Amit Jain
Smart Power & Energy System, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080
Abstract
Power systems, nowadays, are subjected to severe oscillations during the post disturbance span of time because of its operation at very narrow stability margins. Out-of-step condition is a consequence of transient instability and protection against out-of-step condition is a major issue for the power industry. In order to operate a system safely and to protect from the damages caused to system components such as generators, transmission lines and switching equipment, proper out-of-step detection and necessary protective action has to be provided. This paper explains the various out-of-step detection strategies which can be augmented to the numerical relaying algorithms, their computational simplicity and reliability and also discusses the issues and challenges related to implementation.