Battery Swapping Stations- A Viable Option for Faster Adoption of EVs in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33686/pwj.v18i2.1107Keywords:
Battery Swapping, Charging Station, Electric Vehicles, G2V, V2GAbstract
Total electrification of road transport has its own major constraints. The industry struggles to reduce the plug-in charging times and impact on the grid of battery-powered electric vehicles. Battery swapping is one of the best concepts to overcome the constraints where Vehicles swap low state charge batteries for charged ones at Battery Swapping Stations (BSS). A Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) is a charging place/fuelling station equipped with number of standards and certified charging units and battery swapping robots. A BSS has a certain amount of battery inventory of fully charged batteries of different sizes and types thus providing a faster and intermediate service to the customer looking for recharging their batteries. This paper studies the challenges and opportunities for the use of BSS in India.
Downloads
Metrics
References
IEA. Global EV Outlook 2020, IEA, Paris; 2020. Available from: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020
White Paper on Electric Vehicles, Adopting Pure Electric Vehicles: Key Policy Enablers, Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM); 2017.
Ahmad F, Alam MS, Alsaidan IS, Shariff SM. Battery swapping station for electric vehicles: Opportunities and challenges. IET Smart Grid. 2020; 3:280-6. https://doi. org/10.1049/iet-stg.2019.0059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2019.0059
Kumar K, Jeykishan. India’s EV charging infrastructure-an overview. Electrical India Magazine; 2019.
Jeykishan KK, Kumar SR, Nandakumar VS. Standards for electric vehicle charging stations in India: A review. Energy Storage. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.261
Discussion paper, Best practices in electric mobility, United National Industrial Development Organization, Vienna; 2019
Bobanac V, Pandzic H, Capuder T. Survey on electric vehicles and battery swapping stations: Expectations of existing and future EV owners. 2018 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON); 2018. p. 1-6. https://doi. org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2018.8398793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2018.8398793
Wu S, Xu Q, Li Q, Yuan X, Chen B. An optimal charging strategy for PV-based battery swapping stations in a DC distribution system. Int J Photoenergy. 2017; 2017:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1504857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1504857
Sarker MR, Pandžić H, Ortega-Vazquez MA. Electric vehicle battery swapping station: Business case and optimization model. 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE); 2013. p. 289-294. https://doi. org/10.1109/ICCVE.2013.6799808 PMid:23740660 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2013.6799808
Zheng Y, Dong ZY, Xu Y, Meng K, Zhao JH, Qiu J. Electric vehicle battery charging/swap stations in distribution systems: comparison study and optimal planning. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2014; 29(1):221-9. https:// doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2278852 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2278852
Liu X, Zhao T, Yao S, Soh CB, Wang P. Distributed operation management of battery swapping-charging systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2019; 10(5):5320-33. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2880449 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2880449
Ban M, Yu J, Shahidehpour M, Guo D, Yao Y. Electric vehicle battery swapping-charging system in power generation scheduling for managing ambient air quality and human health conditions. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. 2019; 10(6):6812-25. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2019.2911868 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2019.2911868
Shalaby AA, Shaaban MF, Mokhtar M, Zeineldin HH, El-Saadany EF. A dynamic optimal battery swapping mechanism for electric vehicles using an LSTM-based rolling horizon approach. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2022; 23(9):15218-32. https://doi. org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3138892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3138892
Wu H. A survey of battery swapping stations for electric vehicles: Operation modes and decision scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. 2022; 23(8):10163-85. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TITS.2021.3125861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3125861
